Fundamental electrical engineering concepts and theory
Over the past year or so I've been involved in on going discussions related to referring fault levels from the secondary of a transformer to the primary...
The mobile phone was born in 1973. They were the size of a brick and weighed a couple of kg, making them difficult to fit into your pocket. At a few thousand...
A fundamental concept behind the operation of alternating current systems is that voltage and current waveforms will be sinusoidal – a Sine Wave. This...
While not as popular as it once was, frame leakage protection does still have some use in some circumstances. In essence frame leakage is an earth fault...
Many questions sent in to the site are in connection with motor starting and in particular star-delta. For all but the simplest application, there is...
Low voltage (LV) switchrooms are common across all industries and one of the more common spatial requirements which need to be designed into a project...
IEC 61439 'Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies', specifies standard arrangements of switchboard (call forms of internal separation). The...
Traditionally substations have used circuit breakers, current transformers (CT), voltage transformers (VT) and protection relays all wired together using...
When selecting a cable, the performance of the cable under fault conditions is an important consideration. It is important that calculations be carried...
Fault calculations are one of the most common types of calculation carried out during the design and analysis of electrical systems. These calculations...
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