This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

For unbalance conditions the calculation of fault currents is more complex. One method of dealing with this is symmetrical components. Using symmetrical...

Our IEE cable sizing was wrote a few years ago and had become rough around the edges. I thought it was time to give the tool a service. Unfortunately when...

Per unit fault calculations is a method whereby system impedances and quantities are normalised across different voltage levels to a common base.  By removing...

Photovoltaic (PV) cells (sometimes called solar cells) convert solar energy into electrical energy.  Every year more and more PV systems are installed...

If you want to check a circuit is dead (not live), you should always use the three point method. First check a known live circuit, then check the dead...

Over the past year or so I've been involved in on going discussions related to referring fault levels from the secondary of a transformer to the primary...

GE have put together a time-lapse video shown flight take-off and landings at some airports. An interesting view:

The other day I was talking to a colleague who is a building services consultant.  Despite regularly specifying dry-type/cast resin transformers he was...

In three phase systems, the use of transformers with three windings (or legs) per side is common.  These three windings are often connected in delta or...