The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.

The term 'N+1' relates to redundancy and simply means that if you required 'N' items of equipment for something to work, you would have one additional...

Light Emitting Diodes (LED ) are increasing gaining favour in both the domestic and commercial sectors; due to their efficiency, sustainability and durability...

If you want to check a circuit is dead (not live), you should always use the three point method. First check a known live circuit, then check the dead...

It wasn't so long ago I was telling someone that I don't use rules of thumb as most things are easily calculated anyhow.   As it turns out I last week...

In 2011, with the introduction of it’s Panda search ranking algorithms, Google introduced tools for determining the original author of posts.  The intention...

Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode.  The function of the earth electrode is to...

I was digging in my bookshelf and came across the 80th Anniversary Association of Mine Resident Engineers, Papers and Discussions Commemorative Edition...

IEC 60228 is the International Electrotechnical Commission's international standard on conductors of insulated cables. Among other things, it defines a...

Modelica is an open source (free) software language for modelling complex systems. Having never used it before, I thought I would download a development...