The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.

Modelica is an open source (free) software language for modelling complex systems. Having never used it before, I thought I would download a development...

Many questions sent in to the site are in connection with motor starting and in particular star-delta.  For all but the simplest application, there is...

The inventor of the first visible light-emitting diode makes history again this year as it begins to show customers a 40-watt replacement GE Energy Smart...

The new standard IEC 61439 replaces the old 60439. Compared to the old standard, the new 61439 is a more clearly defined and takes into account the assembly...

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the study of coordinating electromagnetic fields give off equipment, with the withstand (compatibility) of other...

Many medium voltage (MV) indoor switchgear rooms  exist worldwide. The complexity of these rooms varies considerably depending on location, function and...

Current transformers (CTs) are used to convert high level currents to a smaller more reasonable level for use as inputs to protection relays and metering...

Battery powered cars are a hot topic and widely debated. The pros, cons, issues and time frames can be talked about endlessly. An article by the Telegraph...

Lead acid batteries are cost effect and reliable, making them suitable for many applications.This note examines topics of interest associated with the...