The new standard IEC 61439 replaces the old 60439. Compared to the old standard, the new 61439 is a more clearly defined and takes into account the assembly...

The standard aims to consolidate AC and traction voltages within the industry and defines the following bands: band 1 - A.C. systems 100 V to 1...

The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.

A lot of our members work in countries where PPE (personal protective equipment) is regulated or they work for companies/organizations which take employee...

For unbalance conditions the calculation of fault currents is more complex. One method of dealing with this is symmetrical components. Using symmetrical...

Current transformers (CTs) are used to convert high level currents to a smaller more reasonable level for use as inputs to protection relays and metering...

A quick post in connection with an email question: Live Tank - the circuit breaker the switching unit is located in an insulator bushing which is live...

This article gives an introduction to IEEE 485 method for the selection and calculation of battery capacity.

American inventor Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847. He was the youngest of seven children and received little formal schooling...

This is the second post in a series of two on periodic electrical inspections. In the first post, I discussed how often inspections should be carried out...