For unbalance conditions the calculation of fault currents is more complex. One method of dealing with this is symmetrical components. Using symmetrical...

IEC 60947 is the circuit breaker standard and covers the marking of breakers in detail. Any manufacturer following this standard should comply with the...

When selecting a generator, there are inherent limits on the active and reactive power which can be delivered. Generators are normally sized for a certain...

Gauss's Electrical law defines the relation between charge ("Positive" & "Negative") and electric field.  The law was initially formulated by Carl Friedrich...

Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode.  The function of the earth electrode is to...

Capacitors have numerous applications in electrical and electronic applications.  This note examines the use of capacitors to store electrical energy....

Various techniques exist to enable the correct selection of batteries for UPS applications.  The procedure described below is one of the more common. ...

We have had the Wiki with us for a long time now, but at last I have decided to say bye bye – more details on why below.

Modelica is an open source (free) software language for modelling complex systems. Having never used it before, I thought I would download a development...

From the earliest times, humans have found ways to create light. Pre-historic peoples used natural materials (moss, grass, etc.) soaked in animal fat and...