Some colleagues had an issue earlier in the week on sizing conduits to be cast in concrete for some power cables . It became clear that none of us had...

Motor starting and its associated problems are well-known to many people who have worked on large industrial processes. However, these things are, of course...

This article gives an introduction to IEEE 485 method for the selection and calculation of battery capacity.

Following on from my post on railway electrification voltages, I thought an introduction to traction substations would be a good idea. Traction substations...

This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

The (relatively new) switchgear and control gear standard, IEC 61439 'Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies' has three methods which can be...

Current transformers (CTs) are used to convert high level currents to a smaller more reasonable level for use as inputs to protection relays and metering...

American inventor Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847. He was the youngest of seven children and received little formal schooling...

This morning I was explaining how differential protection works to a junior engineer. To give him something to read I opened up the NPAG (Network Protection...

Power factor is the ratio between the real power (P in kW) and apparent power (S in kVA) drawn by an electrical load. The reactive power (Q in kVAr)...