A UPS is an uninterruptible power supply.  It is a device which maintains a continuous supply of electrical power, even in the event of failure of the...

Following on from my post on railway electrification voltages, I thought an introduction to traction substations would be a good idea. Traction substations...

When current flows within a wire, a magnetic field is created. The potion of this magnetic field perpendicular to the wire is called the magnetic flux...

Using software in our  work is essential for most of us and we are becoming even more dependant on it's use.  While software is a great asset, many times...

Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode.  The function of the earth electrode is to...

Often document control is dictated by project requirements, for example a particular organisation may have an existing numbering system. Existing company...

Working in the vicinity of electrical equipment poses an hazard. In addition to electric shock hazard, fault currents passing through air causes Arc Flash...

When sizing cables, the heat generated  by losses within any sheath or armour need to be evaluated. When significant, it becomes a factor to be considered...

A single phase system is perhaps the most common type of system most people are familiar with. This is what people have in their homes and what appliances...

A recurring theme on our forums is cable sizing. Now many installations are unique and require special consideration. However, a lot of the time things...