Over the past year or so I've been involved in on going discussions related to referring fault levels from the secondary of a transformer to the primary...

Working in the vicinity of electrical equipment poses an hazard. In addition to electric shock hazard, fault currents passing through air causes Arc Flash...

Sometimes it’s useful to be able to quickly lookup a piece of technical information.  This note is a collection of information related to motors, and in...

I have been thinking recently that there appears to be less professional integrity around than when I first started my career in electrical engineering...

The windings of many medium and small sized transformers are protected by restricted earth fault (REF) systems. The illustration shows the principal of...

This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

This article gives an introduction to IEEE 485 method for the selection and calculation of battery capacity.

Lamps are the essential part of any luminaire. These are the light generating components. Since the advent of electrical lighting in the middle of the...

IEC 61439 'Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies', specifies standard arrangements of switchboard (call forms of internal separation). The...

If you have no idea how electrical circuits work, or what people mean then they talk about volts and amps, hopefully I can shed a bit light.  I’m intending...