We have a sister note to this (Robots - Interesting Video), in which I have posted some videos of interesting robots developed by commercial corporations...

The windings of many medium and small sized transformers are protected by restricted earth fault (REF) systems. The illustration shows the principal of...

Battery powered cars are a hot topic and widely debated. The pros, cons, issues and time frames can be talked about endlessly. An article by the Telegraph...

Following on from my post on railway electrification voltages, I thought an introduction to traction substations would be a good idea. Traction substations...

I have been thinking recently that there appears to be less professional integrity around than when I first started my career in electrical engineering...

IEC 60947 is the circuit breaker standard and covers the marking of breakers in detail. Any manufacturer following this standard should comply with the...

Often document control is dictated by project requirements, for example a particular organisation may have an existing numbering system. Existing company...

In a previous article I looked at the dc resistance of conductors and in this article we turn our attention to ac resistance. If you have not read the...

Photovoltaic (PV) cells (sometimes called solar cells) convert solar energy into electrical energy.  Every year more and more PV systems are installed...

The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.