The IEC publishes a series of documents and rules governing the preparation of documents, drawings and the referencing of equipment.   Depending on country...

This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

Estimating maximum demand is a topic frequently discussed. Working out how much power to allow for a building can be very subjective . Allowing too much...

While not as popular as it once was, frame leakage protection does still have some use in some circumstances.  In essence frame leakage is an earth fault...

I have been thinking recently that there appears to be less professional integrity around than when I first started my career in electrical engineering...

When selecting a cable, the performance of the cable under fault conditions is an important consideration. It is important that calculations be carried...

It's been a busy few months on different projects or busy couple of decades depending on how I look at it. I can say that on the odd (frequent) occasion...

Motor starting and its associated problems are well-known to many people who have worked on large industrial processes. However, these things are, of course...

Traditionally substations have used circuit breakers, current transformers (CT), voltage transformers (VT) and protection relays all wired together using...

Gauss's Electrical law defines the relation between charge ("Positive" & "Negative") and electric field.  The law was initially formulated by Carl Friedrich...