Fundamental electrical engineering concepts and theory
Electromechanical relays have been the traditional backbone of electrical protection systems. While over recent years these have been replaced by microprocessor...
The correct sizing of current transformers is required to ensure satisfactory operation of measuring instruments and protection relays. Several methods...
When thinking about watts (W) or kilowatt (kW = 1000 W) it can be useful too keep in mind the fundamental ideas behind the unit. Watt is not a pure electrical...
The windings of many medium and small sized transformers are protected by restricted earth fault (REF) systems. The illustration shows the principal of...
Electric motors are one of the most widely used items of electrical equipment. Improving motor efficiency benefits include, reduced power demand, lower...
Capacitors have numerous applications in electrical and electronic applications. This note examines the use of capacitors to store electrical energy....
In three phase systems, the use of transformers with three windings (or legs) per side is common. These three windings are often connected in delta or...
Following on from my post on railway electrification voltages, I thought an introduction to traction substations would be a good idea. Traction substations...
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If two dissimilar metals are touching and an external conducting path exists, corrosion of one the metals can take place. Moisture or other materials...
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