Fundamental electrical engineering concepts and theory
Following on from my post on railway electrification voltages, I thought an introduction to traction substations would be a good idea. Traction substations...
Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode. The function of the earth electrode is to...
Many questions sent in to the site are in connection with motor starting and in particular star-delta. For all but the simplest application, there is...
A quick post in connection with an email question: Live Tank - the circuit breaker the switching unit is located in an insulator bushing which is live...
Photovoltaic (PV) cells (sometimes called solar cells) convert solar energy into electrical energy. Every year more and more PV systems are installed...
IEC 60947 is the circuit breaker standard and covers the marking of breakers in detail. Any manufacturer following this standard should comply with the...
I was digging in my bookshelf and came across the 80th Anniversary Association of Mine Resident Engineers, Papers and Discussions Commemorative Edition...
The term 'N+1' relates to redundancy and simply means that if you required 'N' items of equipment for something to work, you would have one additional...
Per unit fault calculations is a method whereby system impedances and quantities are normalised across different voltage levels to a common base. By removing...
The windings of many medium and small sized transformers are protected by restricted earth fault (REF) systems. The illustration shows the principal of...
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