A battery consists of one or more cells, each of which use stored chemical energy to produce electrical energy, There are many types of cells and these...

I have been thinking recently that there appears to be less professional integrity around than when I first started my career in electrical engineering...

The IEC publishes a series of documents and rules governing the preparation of documents, drawings and the referencing of equipment.   Depending on country...

Lamps are the essential part of any luminaire. These are the light generating components. Since the advent of electrical lighting in the middle of the...

When selecting a cable, the performance of the cable under fault conditions is an important consideration. It is important that calculations be carried...

Current transformers (CTs) are used to convert high level currents to a smaller more reasonable level for use as inputs to protection relays and metering...

If you want to check a circuit is dead (not live), you should always use the three point method. First check a known live circuit, then check the dead...

When sizing cables, the heat generated  by losses within any sheath or armour need to be evaluated. When significant, it becomes a factor to be considered...

For unbalance conditions the calculation of fault currents is more complex. One method of dealing with this is symmetrical components. Using symmetrical...

The other day I was talking to a colleague who is a building services consultant.  Despite regularly specifying dry-type/cast resin transformers he was...