IEEE Winds of Change 

Some colleagues had an issue earlier in the week on sizing conduits to be cast in concrete for some power cables . It became clear that none of us had...

Problems on achieving maximum voltage drop within an installation come up often. Depending where you live, local regulations will have different limits...

A single phase system is perhaps the most common type of system most people are familiar with. This is what people have in their homes and what appliances...

The (relatively new) switchgear and control gear standard, IEC 61439 'Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies' has three methods which can be...

I've been considering a blog on the 110 or 230 Volt issue for a while.  While browsing the Internet I came across a great summary by Borat over at  engineering...

Per unit fault calculations is a method whereby system impedances and quantities are normalised across different voltage levels to a common base.  By removing...

I think this post is going to be helpful to several of our readers. While the IEC low voltage circuit breaker Standard [IEC 60947-2, Low voltage switchgear...

Electromechanical relays have been the traditional backbone of electrical protection systems.  While over recent years these have been replaced by microprocessor...

The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.

Years ago I was told that you should always try to write the best report you can.  Many years later I still think on this as one of the better pieces of...