Per unit fault calculations is a method whereby system impedances and quantities are normalised across different voltage levels to a common base.  By removing...

Collection of links to various places with useful motor information. I’ll try and return to the page every now and again to update it with any motor notes...

The other day I came across an article in Technology Review on the development of a smart transformer. A professor at North Carolina State University is...

Modelica is an open source (free) software language for modelling complex systems. Having never used it before, I thought I would download a development...

If you have no idea how electrical circuits work, or what people mean then they talk about volts and amps, hopefully I can shed a bit light.  I’m intending...

This is the first of two posts on the resistance of conductors. In the next post I will look at the ac resistance, including skin effect and we deal with...

Electromechanical relays have been the traditional backbone of electrical protection systems.  While over recent years these have been replaced by microprocessor...

The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.

Here’s list of some famous scientists. Deliberately short, with the aim to provide a quick memory jog or overview. If your looking for more detailed information...

The correct sizing of current transformers is required to ensure satisfactory operation of measuring instruments and protection relays. Several methods...