Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode.  The function of the earth electrode is to...

Often document control is dictated by project requirements, for example a particular organisation may have an existing numbering system. Existing company...

Everything physical in electrical engineering from insulations to conductors revolves around materials. Here we are listing common materials along with...

Power factor is the ratio between the real power (P in kW) and apparent power (S in kVA) drawn by an electrical load. The reactive power (Q in kVAr)...

Control theory looks at how systems work and are controlled from a mathematical view.  This note gives a brief introduction to some of the concepts – more...

This morning I was explaining how differential protection works to a junior engineer. To give him something to read I opened up the NPAG (Network Protection...

Power cables can basically be classified into earthed and unearthed cables, where earthed and unearthed refer to the application for which the cable is...

If you are wondering what happened to our cable notes, the short answer is that we have moved them to myCableEngineering.com.  The "Knowledge Base" at...

IEC 60287 "Calculation of the continuous current rating of cables (100% load factor)" is the International Standard which defines the procedures and equations...

A single phase system is perhaps the most common type of system most people are familiar with. This is what people have in their homes and what appliances...