Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode.  The function of the earth electrode is to...

Over the past year or so I've been involved in on going discussions related to referring fault levels from the secondary of a transformer to the primary...

"I can live with doubt and uncertainty and not knowing. I think it is much more interesting to live not knowing than to have answers that might be wrong...

The other day I came across an article in Technology Review on the development of a smart transformer. A professor at North Carolina State University is...

This article gives an introduction to IEEE 485 method for the selection and calculation of battery capacity.

Maxwell's Equations are a set of fundamental relationships, which govern how electric and magnetic fields interact. The equations explain how these fields...

How often installations are inspected is up to the owner of the installation, provided such durations do not exceed any regulatory maximums in force. ...

When sizing cables nearly, everyone uses some form of software. This ranges from homespun spreadsheets to complex network analyses software. Each has its...

Depending where in the world you work, you are likely following one of two standards International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) National...

Insulation on a motor prevents interconnection of windings and the winding to earth.  When looking at motors, it is important to understand how the insulation...