The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.

While not as popular as it once was, frame leakage protection does still have some use in some circumstances.  In essence frame leakage is an earth fault...

There are a lot of interesting two page type notes on various medium voltage topics – switchgear, circuit breakers, bus systems etc. It is on the Siemens...

It starts with me reading one of the Horrible History books with my son (Groovy Greeks). Arrows were mentioned which lead to the discussion of the bodkin...

Traditionally substations have used circuit breakers, current transformers (CT), voltage transformers (VT) and protection relays all wired together using...

A single phase system is perhaps the most common type of system most people are familiar with. This is what people have in their homes and what appliances...

We've been sending out Newsletters on a regular basis for a few weeks now. To do this we have been using Google's Feedburner service. While Feedburner...

Everything physical in electrical engineering from insulations to conductors revolves around materials. Here we are listing common materials along with...

Problems on achieving maximum voltage drop within an installation come up often. Depending where you live, local regulations will have different limits...

HTML supports a variety of entity symbols which can be entered using either numbers or an entity name.  The number or name is preceded by the ‘&’ sign...