Anyone specifying or using electric motors should have a basic understanding how the insulation is related to temperature. Three classes of insulation...

Many medium voltage (MV) indoor switchgear rooms  exist worldwide. The complexity of these rooms varies considerably depending on location, function and...

The inventor of the first visible light-emitting diode makes history again this year as it begins to show customers a 40-watt replacement GE Energy Smart...

Problems on achieving maximum voltage drop within an installation come up often. Depending where you live, local regulations will have different limits...

I have been thinking recently that there appears to be less professional integrity around than when I first started my career in electrical engineering...

A frequent problem in fault calculations is the obtaining of equipment parameters.  While it is always preferable to use the actual parameters of the equipment...

The standard aims to consolidate AC and traction voltages within the industry and defines the following bands: band 1 - A.C. systems 100 V to 1...

A recurring theme on our forums is cable sizing. Now many installations are unique and require special consideration. However, a lot of the time things...

The windings of many medium and small sized transformers are protected by restricted earth fault (REF) systems. The illustration shows the principal of...

Many questions sent in to the site are in connection with motor starting and in particular star-delta.  For all but the simplest application, there is...