American inventor Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847. He was the youngest of seven children and received little formal schooling...

Depending where in the world you work, you are likely following one of two standards International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) National...

When selecting a cable, the performance of the cable under fault conditions is an important consideration. It is important that calculations be carried...

Control theory looks at how systems work and are controlled from a mathematical view.  This note gives a brief introduction to some of the concepts – more...

One of the requirements to ensuring that everything works is to have equipment selected, manufactured and verified [tested] to IEC standards. Not all equipment...

HTML supports a variety of entity symbols which can be entered using either numbers or an entity name.  The number or name is preceded by the ‘&’ sign...

Fault calculations are one of the most common types of calculation carried out during the design and analysis of electrical systems. These calculations...

Current transformers (CTs) are used to convert high level currents to a smaller more reasonable level for use as inputs to protection relays and metering...

The other day I came across an article in Technology Review on the development of a smart transformer. A professor at North Carolina State University is...

From the earliest times, humans have found ways to create light. Pre-historic peoples used natural materials (moss, grass, etc.) soaked in animal fat and...