A battery consists of one or more cells, each of which use stored chemical energy to produce electrical energy, There are many types of cells and these...

Working in the vicinity of electrical equipment poses an hazard. In addition to electric shock hazard, fault currents passing through air causes Arc Flash...

The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.

I was reminded of Occam's Razor while reading a book. It's quite a simple principal of logic which has stood the test of time and is accepted as central...

Visitors who like to type web address rather then click menus may be interested in how our URL structure works.

Gauss's Electrical law defines the relation between charge ("Positive" & "Negative") and electric field.  The law was initially formulated by Carl Friedrich...

Motor starting and its associated problems are well-known to many people who have worked on large industrial processes. However, these things are, of course...

Ever wondered what kind of power an aircraft uses when parked at the airport stand. Normally the aircraft generates it own power, but when parked with...

There are a lot of interesting two page type notes on various medium voltage topics – switchgear, circuit breakers, bus systems etc. It is on the Siemens...

Control theory looks at how systems work and are controlled from a mathematical view.  This note gives a brief introduction to some of the concepts – more...