Electrical engineering is a field that covers a wide variety of sub-fields, including electricity and electronics. It is a field that goes back to the...

Depending where in the world you work, you are likely following one of two standards International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) National...

One of the fundamental requirements of an alternating current distribution systems it to have the ability to change the magnitude of voltages.  It is more...

Following on from my post on railway electrification voltages, I thought an introduction to traction substations would be a good idea. Traction substations...

These lifts were first built in 1884 by J. E. Hall and called a paternoster ("Our Father", the first two words of the Lord's Prayer in Latin) due to its...

Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode.  The function of the earth electrode is to...

Per unit fault calculations is a method whereby system impedances and quantities are normalised across different voltage levels to a common base.  By removing...

Years ago I was told that you should always try to write the best report you can.  Many years later I still think on this as one of the better pieces of...

The new standard IEC 61439 replaces the old 60439. Compared to the old standard, the new 61439 is a more clearly defined and takes into account the assembly...

A recurring theme on our forums is cable sizing. Now many installations are unique and require special consideration. However, a lot of the time things...