Earthing of electrical systems is essential for the correct functioning and the protecting of life and equipment in the event of faults.  The earth electrode...

When current flows within a wire, a magnetic field is created. The potion of this magnetic field perpendicular to the wire is called the magnetic flux...

The standard aims to consolidate AC and traction voltages within the industry and defines the following bands: band 1 - A.C. systems 100 V to 1...

This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

Everything physical in electrical engineering from insulations to conductors revolves around materials. Here we are listing common materials along with...

Cable insulation is used to provide electrical separation between conductors of  a cable.  During the historical development of cables, numerous types...

If you have a great idea or invent something the last thing you want is someone to steal the idea. One of the things you can do is protect the intellectual...

Traditionally substations have used circuit breakers, current transformers (CT), voltage transformers (VT) and protection relays all wired together using...

Over the past year or so I've been involved in on going discussions related to referring fault levels from the secondary of a transformer to the primary...

If two dissimilar metals are touching and an external conducting path exists, corrosion of one the metals can take place.  Moisture or other materials...