A battery consists of one or more cells, each of which use stored chemical energy to produce electrical energy, There are many types of cells and these...

When sizing cables, the heat generated  by losses within any sheath or armour need to be evaluated. When significant, it becomes a factor to be considered...

When selecting a cable, the performance of the cable under fault conditions is an important consideration. It is important that calculations be carried...

Here’s list of some famous scientists. Deliberately short, with the aim to provide a quick memory jog or overview. If your looking for more detailed information...

Many questions sent in to the site are in connection with motor starting and in particular star-delta.  For all but the simplest application, there is...

These lifts were first built in 1884 by J. E. Hall and called a paternoster ("Our Father", the first two words of the Lord's Prayer in Latin) due to its...

Three phase systems are derived from three separate windings, either connected in delta or star (wye). Each winding can be treated separately, leading...

It's been a busy few months on different projects or busy couple of decades depending on how I look at it. I can say that on the odd (frequent) occasion...

Over the past year or so I've been involved in on going discussions related to referring fault levels from the secondary of a transformer to the primary...

Motor starting and its associated problems are well-known to many people who have worked on large industrial processes. However, these things are, of course...