Circuit breakers are switching devices whose primary function is to isolate parts of an electrical distribution system in the even of abnormal conditions...

A single phase system is perhaps the most common type of system most people are familiar with. This is what people have in their homes and what appliances...

Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode.  The function of the earth electrode is to...

Over recent years the Lithium Ion battery has become popular in applications requiring high power densities with small weight and footprint.  Today Lithium...

The other day I came across an article in Technology Review on the development of a smart transformer. A professor at North Carolina State University is...

This article gives an introduction to IEEE 485 method for the selection and calculation of battery capacity.

"I can live with doubt and uncertainty and not knowing. I think it is much more interesting to live not knowing than to have answers that might be wrong...

Light Emitting Diodes (LED ) are increasing gaining favour in both the domestic and commercial sectors; due to their efficiency, sustainability and durability...

The windings of many medium and small sized transformers are protected by restricted earth fault (REF) systems. The illustration shows the principal of...

When looking at the design of a lighting scheme it is useful to have an understanding on the nature of light itself and some of the basic theory associated...