Three phase systems are derived from three separate windings, either connected in delta or star (wye). Each winding can be treated separately, leading...

Collection of links to various places with useful motor information. I’ll try and return to the page every now and again to update it with any motor notes...

The term 'N+1' relates to redundancy and simply means that if you required 'N' items of equipment for something to work, you would have one additional...

IEC 60228 is the International Electrotechnical Commission's international standard on conductors of insulated cables. Among other things, it defines a...

The correct sizing of current transformers is required to ensure satisfactory operation of measuring instruments and protection relays. Several methods...

Resistors are electronic components that oppose the flow of current.  Manufactured in various types and ranges they have a wide application to electronics...

Control theory looks at how systems work and are controlled from a mathematical view.  This note gives a brief introduction to some of the concepts – more...

Nikola Tesla was born exactly at midnight on July 10, 1856 in the tiny village of Smiljan, Lika in Croatia. In his late teens, Tesla left the village to...

Fault calculations are one of the most common types of calculation carried out during the design and analysis of electrical systems. These calculations...

The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.