This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

In three phase systems, the use of transformers with three windings (or legs) per side is common.  These three windings are often connected in delta or...

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Modelica is an open source (free) software language for modelling complex systems. Having never used it before, I thought I would download a development...

In a previous article I looked at the dc resistance of conductors and in this article we turn our attention to ac resistance. If you have not read the...

‘Kept looking at a card, y’see? Kept looking at it. Welcome back Bottle. Gods below welcome home. The Crippled God A Tale of the Malazan Book of the...

The calculation of current in a three phase system has been brought up on our site feedback and is a discussion I seem to get involved in every now and...

The windings of many medium and small sized transformers are protected by restricted earth fault (REF) systems. The illustration shows the principal of...

Years ago I was told that you should always try to write the best report you can.  Many years later I still think on this as one of the better pieces of...

Insulation on a motor prevents interconnection of windings and the winding to earth.  When looking at motors, it is important to understand how the insulation...