When sizing cables, the heat generated  by losses within any sheath or armour need to be evaluated. When significant, it becomes a factor to be considered...

One of the fundamental requirements of an alternating current distribution systems it to have the ability to change the magnitude of voltages.  It is more...

Per unit fault calculations is a method whereby system impedances and quantities are normalised across different voltage levels to a common base.  By removing...

A lot of our members work in countries where PPE (personal protective equipment) is regulated or they work for companies/organizations which take employee...

The standard aims to consolidate AC and traction voltages within the industry and defines the following bands: band 1 - A.C. systems 100 V to 1...

Visitors who like to type web address rather then click menus may be interested in how our URL structure works.

Modelica is an open source (free) software language for modelling complex systems. Having never used it before, I thought I would download a development...

A UPS is an uninterruptible power supply.  It is a device which maintains a continuous supply of electrical power, even in the event of failure of the...

Depending where in the world you work, you are likely following one of two standards International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) National...

Electrical notes are a collaborative collection of electrical engineering information and educational material. Any registered user can add content. ...