The standard aims to consolidate AC and traction voltages within the industry and defines the following bands: band 1 - A.C. systems 100 V to 1...
This is the second post in a series of two on periodic electrical inspections. In the first post, I discussed how often inspections should be carried out...
Control theory looks at how systems work and are controlled from a mathematical view. This note gives a brief introduction to some of the concepts – more...
Power factor is the ratio between the real power (P in kW) and apparent power (S in kVA) drawn by an electrical load. The reactive power (Q in kVAr)...
It wasn't so long ago I was telling someone that I don't use rules of thumb as most things are easily calculated anyhow. As it turns out I last week...
When thinking about watts (W) or kilowatt (kW = 1000 W) it can be useful too keep in mind the fundamental ideas behind the unit. Watt is not a pure electrical...
Following on from my post on railway electrification voltages, I thought an introduction to traction substations would be a good idea. Traction substations...
Often document control is dictated by project requirements, for example a particular organisation may have an existing numbering system. Existing company...
Gauss's Electrical law defines the relation between charge ("Positive" & "Negative") and electric field. The law was initially formulated by Carl Friedrich...
Capacitors have numerous applications in electrical and electronic applications. This note examines the use of capacitors to store electrical energy....
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