Traditionally substations have used circuit breakers, current transformers (CT), voltage transformers (VT) and protection relays all wired together using...
Earthing of electrical systems is essential for the correct functioning and the protecting of life and equipment in the event of faults. The earth electrode...
Using laser optical pulses the random number generator utilizes the time between arrival of random photos to generate the numbers, ensuring true accuracy...
This is the second post in a series of two on periodic electrical inspections. In the first post, I discussed how often inspections should be carried out...
When selecting a cable, the performance of the cable under fault conditions is an important consideration. It is important that calculations be carried...
Working in the vicinity of electrical equipment poses an hazard. In addition to electric shock hazard, fault currents passing through air causes Arc Flash...
Problems on achieving maximum voltage drop within an installation come up often. Depending where you live, local regulations will have different limits...
Photovoltaic (PV) cells (sometimes called solar cells) convert solar energy into electrical energy. Every year more and more PV systems are installed...
Multimeters are undoubtedly the most common item of electrical test equipment in use. Often it is the first piece of equipment people will turn to when...
Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode. The function of the earth electrode is to...
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