The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.

In 2011, with the introduction of it’s Panda search ranking algorithms, Google introduced tools for determining the original author of posts.  The intention...

The image (reproduced from IEC 60909) shows a typical fault in an ac system.  From the illustration it can seen that there is an initial dc component ...

Traditionally generation of electricity has involved rotating machines to produce alternating sinusoidal voltage and current (a.c. systems). With the development...

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Electrical notes are a collaborative collection of electrical engineering information and educational material. Any registered user can add content. ...

The other day I came across an article in Technology Review on the development of a smart transformer. A professor at North Carolina State University is...

In a previous article I looked at the dc resistance of conductors and in this article we turn our attention to ac resistance. If you have not read the...

Using software in our  work is essential for most of us and we are becoming even more dependant on it's use.  While software is a great asset, many times...

Three phase systems are derived from three separate windings, either connected in delta or star (wye). Each winding can be treated separately, leading...