Traditionally generation of electricity has involved rotating machines to produce alternating sinusoidal voltage and current (a.c. systems). With the development...

I'm a fan of using manufacturers catalogues. There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, if your involved in the purchase of equipment, you will likely...

Our question and answer system while letting you do exactly what it says, is much more.  It is a dynamic user driven system, where our users not only ask...

The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.

Fault calculations are one of the most common types of calculation carried out during the design and analysis of electrical systems. These calculations...

The windings of many medium and small sized transformers are protected by restricted earth fault (REF) systems. The illustration shows the principal of...

If you want to check a circuit is dead (not live), you should always use the three point method. First check a known live circuit, then check the dead...

Following on from my post on railway electrification voltages, I thought an introduction to traction substations would be a good idea. Traction substations...

Depending where in the world you work, you are likely following one of two standards International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) National...

This is the first of two posts on the resistance of conductors. In the next post I will look at the ac resistance, including skin effect and we deal with...