Depending where in the world you work, you are likely following one of two standards International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) National...

Insulation on a motor prevents interconnection of windings and the winding to earth.  When looking at motors, it is important to understand how the insulation...

MIT OpenCourseWare, makes the materials used in teaching all MIT subjects available on the Web, free of charge, to any user in the world.

Fire resistant and fire retardant cable sheaths are design to resist combustion and limit the propagation of flames. Low smokes cables have a sheath designed...

Over the past year or so I've been involved in on going discussions related to referring fault levels from the secondary of a transformer to the primary...

HTML supports a variety of entity symbols which can be entered using either numbers or an entity name.  The number or name is preceded by the ‘&’ sign...

In 2011, with the introduction of it’s Panda search ranking algorithms, Google introduced tools for determining the original author of posts.  The intention...

Fault calculations are one of the most common types of calculation carried out during the design and analysis of electrical systems. These calculations...

Following on from my post on railway electrification voltages, I thought an introduction to traction substations would be a good idea. Traction substations...

I was having a conversation the other day about voltage levels.  While everyone was in agreement that low voltage was 1000 V and less, there was more confusion...