A single phase system is perhaps the most common type of system most people are familiar with. This is what people have in their homes and what appliances...

This morning I was explaining how differential protection works to a junior engineer. To give him something to read I opened up the NPAG (Network Protection...

In three phase systems, the use of transformers with three windings (or legs) per side is common.  These three windings are often connected in delta or...

It wasn't so long ago I was telling someone that I don't use rules of thumb as most things are easily calculated anyhow.   As it turns out I last week...

When selecting a cable, the performance of the cable under fault conditions is an important consideration. It is important that calculations be carried...

Working in the vicinity of electrical equipment poses an hazard. In addition to electric shock hazard, fault currents passing through air causes Arc Flash...

Our question and answer system while letting you do exactly what it says, is much more.  It is a dynamic user driven system, where our users not only ask...

For unbalance conditions the calculation of fault currents is more complex. One method of dealing with this is symmetrical components. Using symmetrical...

Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode.  The function of the earth electrode is to...

While there are a vast array of cable insulation materials, these are often divided into two general types; Thermoplastic or Thermosetting. For example...