Resistors are electronic components that oppose the flow of current.  Manufactured in various types and ranges they have a wide application to electronics...

The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.

Alternating current (a.c.) is the backbone of modern electrical power distribution. In this article I’ll be pulling some of the more important concepts...

IEC 61439 'Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies', specifies standard arrangements of switchboard (call forms of internal separation). The...

Per unit fault calculations is a method whereby system impedances and quantities are normalised across different voltage levels to a common base.  By removing...

Fault calculations are one of the most common types of calculation carried out during the design and analysis of electrical systems. These calculations...

This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

‘Kept looking at a card, y’see? Kept looking at it. Welcome back Bottle. Gods below welcome home. The Crippled God A Tale of the Malazan Book of the...

A fundamental concept behind the operation of alternating current systems is that voltage and current waveforms will be sinusoidal – a Sine Wave. This...

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the study of coordinating electromagnetic fields give off equipment, with the withstand (compatibility) of other...