Capacitors are widely used in electrical engineering for functions such as energy storage, power factor correction, voltage compensation and many others...

The term 'N+1' relates to redundancy and simply means that if you required 'N' items of equipment for something to work, you would have one additional...

Carrying out a protection system discrimination study is critical to ensure the correct functioning of  the electrical system in the event of faults. ...

ABB has produced a range of technical guides that offer concise explanations of the major technologies and technical issues in low voltage AC drives. ...

Years ago I was told that you should always try to write the best report you can.  Many years later I still think on this as one of the better pieces of...

Control theory looks at how systems work and are controlled from a mathematical view.  This note gives a brief introduction to some of the concepts – more...

The new standard IEC 61439 replaces the old 60439. Compared to the old standard, the new 61439 is a more clearly defined and takes into account the assembly...

From the earliest times, humans have found ways to create light. Pre-historic peoples used natural materials (moss, grass, etc.) soaked in animal fat and...

Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode.  The function of the earth electrode is to...

The correct sizing of current transformers is required to ensure satisfactory operation of measuring instruments and protection relays. Several methods...