This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

I'm a fan of using manufacturers catalogues. There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, if your involved in the purchase of equipment, you will likely...

Visitors who like to type web address rather then click menus may be interested in how our URL structure works.

IEC 60947 is the circuit breaker standard and covers the marking of breakers in detail. Any manufacturer following this standard should comply with the...

Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode.  The function of the earth electrode is to...

Traditionally substations have used circuit breakers, current transformers (CT), voltage transformers (VT) and protection relays all wired together using...

I have been thinking recently that there appears to be less professional integrity around than when I first started my career in electrical engineering...

Laplace transforms and their inverse are a mathematical technique which allows us to solve differential equations, by primarily using algebraic methods...

Resistors are electronic components that oppose the flow of current.  Manufactured in various types and ranges they have a wide application to electronics...

In the previous note we looked at the approach taken by the standard to the sizing of cables and illustrated this with an example.  We then looked at one...