How often installations are inspected is up to the owner of the installation, provided such durations do not exceed any regulatory maximums in force. ...

Visitors who like to type web address rather then click menus may be interested in how our URL structure works.

In 2011, with the introduction of it’s Panda search ranking algorithms, Google introduced tools for determining the original author of posts.  The intention...

Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode.  The function of the earth electrode is to...

Years ago I was told that you should always try to write the best report you can.  Many years later I still think on this as one of the better pieces of...

Per unit fault calculations is a method whereby system impedances and quantities are normalised across different voltage levels to a common base.  By removing...

Reading is a bit of a hobby of mine and I"ve done a few off-topic posts in the past on this. Rather than continue doing the occasional post I thought ...

The (relatively new) switchgear and control gear standard, IEC 61439 'Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies' has three methods which can be...

"I can live with doubt and uncertainty and not knowing. I think it is much more interesting to live not knowing than to have answers that might be wrong...

The image (reproduced from IEC 60909) shows a typical fault in an ac system.  From the illustration it can seen that there is an initial dc component ...