The image (reproduced from IEC 60909) shows a typical fault in an ac system.  From the illustration it can seen that there is an initial dc component ...

Modelica is an open source (free) software language for modelling complex systems. Having never used it before, I thought I would download a development...

Traditionally substations have used circuit breakers, current transformers (CT), voltage transformers (VT) and protection relays all wired together using...

Fire resistant and fire retardant cable sheaths are design to resist combustion and limit the propagation of flames. Low smokes cables have a sheath designed...

Control theory looks at how systems work and are controlled from a mathematical view.  This note gives a brief introduction to some of the concepts – more...

Fault calculations are one of the most common types of calculation carried out during the design and analysis of electrical systems. These calculations...

Cable insulation is used to provide electrical separation between conductors of  a cable.  During the historical development of cables, numerous types...

We have a sister note to this (Robots - Interesting Video), in which I have posted some videos of interesting robots developed by commercial corporations...

IEC 60228 is the International Electrotechnical Commission's international standard on conductors of insulated cables. Among other things, it defines a...

Using software in our  work is essential for most of us and we are becoming even more dependant on it's use.  While software is a great asset, many times...