In 2011, with the introduction of it’s Panda search ranking algorithms, Google introduced tools for determining the original author of posts.  The intention...

While not as popular as it once was, frame leakage protection does still have some use in some circumstances.  In essence frame leakage is an earth fault...

When looking at the design of a lighting scheme it is useful to have an understanding on the nature of light itself and some of the basic theory associated...

Depending where in the world you work, you are likely following one of two standards International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) National...

Electrical notes are a collaborative collection of electrical engineering information and educational material. Any registered user can add content. ...

Current transformers (CTs) are used to convert high level currents to a smaller more reasonable level for use as inputs to protection relays and metering...

I'm a fan of using manufacturers catalogues. There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, if your involved in the purchase of equipment, you will likely...

This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

If two dissimilar metals are touching and an external conducting path exists, corrosion of one the metals can take place.  Moisture or other materials...

The European Union is implementing a voluntary code of practice for participants with the aim of improving the overall efficiency of data centres. As part...