Light Emitting Diodes (LED ) are increasing gaining favour in both the domestic and commercial sectors; due to their efficiency, sustainability and durability...

Fault calculations are one of the most common types of calculation carried out during the design and analysis of electrical systems. These calculations...

The image (reproduced from IEC 60909) shows a typical fault in an ac system.  From the illustration it can seen that there is an initial dc component ...

When looking at the design of a lighting scheme it is useful to have an understanding on the nature of light itself and some of the basic theory associated...

Problems on achieving maximum voltage drop within an installation come up often. Depending where you live, local regulations will have different limits...

I was having a conversation the other day about voltage levels.  While everyone was in agreement that low voltage was 1000 V and less, there was more confusion...

The fundamental component of any analogue computer is the operational amplifier, or op amp. An operational amplifier (often called an op-amp,) is a high...

Many medium voltage (MV) indoor switchgear rooms  exist worldwide. The complexity of these rooms varies considerably depending on location, function and...

We have had the Wiki with us for a long time now, but at last I have decided to say bye bye – more details on why below.

In a previous article I looked at the dc resistance of conductors and in this article we turn our attention to ac resistance. If you have not read the...