Over recent years the Lithium Ion battery has become popular in applications requiring high power densities with small weight and footprint.  Today Lithium...

The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.

Often document control is dictated by project requirements, for example a particular organisation may have an existing numbering system. Existing company...

This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

How often installations are inspected is up to the owner of the installation, provided such durations do not exceed any regulatory maximums in force. ...

Many medium voltage (MV) indoor switchgear rooms  exist worldwide. The complexity of these rooms varies considerably depending on location, function and...

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the study of coordinating electromagnetic fields give off equipment, with the withstand (compatibility) of other...

Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode.  The function of the earth electrode is to...

One of the fundamental requirements of an alternating current distribution systems it to have the ability to change the magnitude of voltages.  It is more...

While not as popular as it once was, frame leakage protection does still have some use in some circumstances.  In essence frame leakage is an earth fault...