Problems on achieving maximum voltage drop within an installation come up often. Depending where you live, local regulations will have different limits...
Everything physical in electrical engineering from insulations to conductors revolves around materials. Here we are listing common materials along with...
When selecting a cable, the performance of the cable under fault conditions is an important consideration. It is important that calculations be carried...
A single phase system is perhaps the most common type of system most people are familiar with. This is what people have in their homes and what appliances...
In a previous article I looked at the dc resistance of conductors and in this article we turn our attention to ac resistance. If you have not read the...
IEC 60947 is the circuit breaker standard and covers the marking of breakers in detail. Any manufacturer following this standard should comply with the...
Control theory looks at how systems work and are controlled from a mathematical view. This note gives a brief introduction to some of the concepts – more...
The (relatively new) switchgear and control gear standard, IEC 61439 'Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies' has three methods which can be...
Traditionally substations have used circuit breakers, current transformers (CT), voltage transformers (VT) and protection relays all wired together using...
When selecting a generator, there are inherent limits on the active and reactive power which can be delivered. Generators are normally sized for a certain...
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