Over the past year or so I've been involved in on going discussions related to referring fault levels from the secondary of a transformer to the primary...

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Carrying out a protection system discrimination study is critical to ensure the correct functioning of  the electrical system in the event of faults. ...

Depending where in the world you work, you are likely following one of two standards International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) National...

Ever wondered what kind of power an aircraft uses when parked at the airport stand. Normally the aircraft generates it own power, but when parked with...

Resistors are electronic components that oppose the flow of current.  Manufactured in various types and ranges they have a wide application to electronics...

In the previous note we looked at the approach taken by the standard to the sizing of cables and illustrated this with an example.  We then looked at one...

Fault calculations are one of the most common types of calculation carried out during the design and analysis of electrical systems. These calculations...

The term 'N+1' relates to redundancy and simply means that if you required 'N' items of equipment for something to work, you would have one additional...

This article gives an introduction to IEEE 485 method for the selection and calculation of battery capacity.