The windings of many medium and small sized transformers are protected by restricted earth fault (REF) systems. The illustration shows the principal of...

This article gives an introduction to IEEE 485 method for the selection and calculation of battery capacity.

Years ago I was told that you should always try to write the best report you can.  Many years later I still think on this as one of the better pieces of...

At the beginning of the year China put the world's first 1,000 kV UHV transmission system into operation. Transmitting power at over a million volts is...

Often document control is dictated by project requirements, for example a particular organisation may have an existing numbering system. Existing company...

This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

For unbalance conditions the calculation of fault currents is more complex. One method of dealing with this is symmetrical components. Using symmetrical...

Lamps are the essential part of any luminaire. These are the light generating components. Since the advent of electrical lighting in the middle of the...

Our question and answer system while letting you do exactly what it says, is much more.  It is a dynamic user driven system, where our users not only ask...

Some colleagues had an issue earlier in the week on sizing conduits to be cast in concrete for some power cables . It became clear that none of us had...