The correct sizing of current transformers is required to ensure satisfactory operation of measuring instruments and protection relays. Several methods...

Famed English chemist and physicist Michael Faraday was born on September 22, 1791, in Newington Butts, a suburb of Surrey just south of the London Bridge...

From the earliest times, humans have found ways to create light. Pre-historic peoples used natural materials (moss, grass, etc.) soaked in animal fat and...

In a previous article I looked at the dc resistance of conductors and in this article we turn our attention to ac resistance. If you have not read the...

Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode.  The function of the earth electrode is to...

A single phase system is perhaps the most common type of system most people are familiar with. This is what people have in their homes and what appliances...

Often document control is dictated by project requirements, for example a particular organisation may have an existing numbering system. Existing company...

Various techniques exist to enable the correct selection of batteries for UPS applications.  The procedure described below is one of the more common. ...

The standard aims to consolidate AC and traction voltages within the industry and defines the following bands: band 1 - A.C. systems 100 V to 1...

It wasn't so long ago I was telling someone that I don't use rules of thumb as most things are easily calculated anyhow.   As it turns out I last week...