When selecting a cable, the performance of the cable under fault conditions is an important consideration. It is important that calculations be carried...

The fundamental component of any analogue computer is the operational amplifier, or op amp. An operational amplifier (often called an op-amp,) is a high...

Many medium voltage (MV) indoor switchgear rooms  exist worldwide. The complexity of these rooms varies considerably depending on location, function and...

The new standard IEC 61439 replaces the old 60439. Compared to the old standard, the new 61439 is a more clearly defined and takes into account the assembly...

Cable insulation is used to provide electrical separation between conductors of  a cable.  During the historical development of cables, numerous types...

For unbalance conditions the calculation of fault currents is more complex. One method of dealing with this is symmetrical components. Using symmetrical...

Often document control is dictated by project requirements, for example a particular organisation may have an existing numbering system. Existing company...

One of the fundamental requirements of an alternating current distribution systems it to have the ability to change the magnitude of voltages.  It is more...

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This article gives an introduction to IEEE 485 method for the selection and calculation of battery capacity.