Following on from my post on railway electrification voltages, I thought an introduction to traction substations would be a good idea. Traction substations...

Dielectrics (insulating materials for example) when subjected to a varying electric field, will have some energy loss.   The varying electric field causes...

Fire resistant and fire retardant cable sheaths are design to resist combustion and limit the propagation of flames. Low smokes cables have a sheath designed...

Lead acid batteries are cost effect and reliable, making them suitable for many applications.This note examines topics of interest associated with the...

A single phase system is perhaps the most common type of system most people are familiar with. This is what people have in their homes and what appliances...

Depending where in the world you work, you are likely following one of two standards International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) National...

Electrical notes are a collaborative collection of electrical engineering information and educational material. Any registered user can add content. ...

A UPS is an uninterruptible power supply.  It is a device which maintains a continuous supply of electrical power, even in the event of failure of the...

IEEE TV has a part series of videos on wind power and it's implication. For a really good overview to the technologies and issues around wind power, these...

I think this post is going to be helpful to several of our readers. While the IEC low voltage circuit breaker Standard [IEC 60947-2, Low voltage switchgear...