In three phase systems, the use of transformers with three windings (or legs) per side is common. These three windings are often connected in delta or...
A fundamental concept behind the operation of alternating current systems is that voltage and current waveforms will be sinusoidal – a Sine Wave. This...
A frequent problem in fault calculations is the obtaining of equipment parameters. While it is always preferable to use the actual parameters of the equipment...
This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...
Many questions sent in to the site are in connection with motor starting and in particular star-delta. For all but the simplest application, there is...
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are typically more efficient when connected in parallel with a main power gird. During periods when the PV system generates energy...
IEC 60947 is the circuit breaker standard and covers the marking of breakers in detail. Any manufacturer following this standard should comply with the...
IEC 60287 "Calculation of the continuous current rating of cables (100% load factor)" is the International Standard which defines the procedures and equations...
This article gives an introduction to IEEE 485 method for the selection and calculation of battery capacity.
Depending where in the world you work, you are likely following one of two standards International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) National...
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